L’Allegro, il Pensieroso ed il Moderato is one of Handel’s most beautiful, yet far too rarely performed oratorios. It was composed in early 1740, a year before the Messiah, just as the rise of the oratorio was coinciding with the decline of Italian opera. Although it’s an English-language oratorio, the Italian title and the three-part structure still point toward the operatic tradition. The work is conceived as an allegorical debate, in which the first two parts describe the contrasting moods of Allegro (cheerfulness) and Pensieroso (melancholy), while in the third part the synthesis of Moderato (moderate) is presented as the golden mean. Charles Jennens, who was later to write the libretto for Messiah, revised John Milton's poems L'Allegro and Il Penseroso for the libretto and added a new third part, “Il Moderato”. The work has no narrative plot; instead it focusses on the power of music and on the human condition in all its facets – sociability, good humor, communal activities, loneliness, melancholy, reflection. Handel responds to this kaleidoscope of changing moods with a vivid musical language, in which obbligato instruments play a major role. Arias merge with instrumental concertos, whether in a frenzied hunting scene with solo horn, a cozy night with a chirping flute, or in the duet “As steals the morn” with soprano/oboe and tenor/bassoon.
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Contents
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Composer
Georg Friedrich Händel
| 1685-1759George Frideric Handel put his exceptionally versatile compositional abilities to the test at an early age. After moving to London in 1712, where he was appointed Composer of Musick for His Majesty’s Chapel Royal in 1723, he wrote numerous masterpieces for the royal court as well as his major opere serie. For many years he enjoyed triumphant successes with his operas, which were sung by outstanding performers, with serenades, and later also with oratorios such as Saul and Israel in Egypt. Over the years Handel’s reputation grew far beyond the city where he worked; some of his choral works, particularly Messiah, have enjoyed a performance tradition which remains unbroken to this day, and are sung by choirs throughout the world. Personal details
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Songwriter / Librettist
John Milton
| 1608-1674
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Songwriter / Librettist
Charles Jennens