Giacomo Puccini / Deborah Burton (arr.) / Jeff Atmaijan (arr.): Turandot - Sheet music | Carus-Verlag

Giacomo Puccini / Deborah Burton (arr.) / Jeff Atmaijan (arr.) Turandot

Dramma lirico in tre atti e cinque quadri. Finale: Deborah Burton SC 91, 1923/24, Finale 2022

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With his unfinished fairy-tale opera Turandot Giacomo Puccini has left a couple of riddles to posterity. First of all the work, which had its premiere after Puccini’s death, lacks a complete ending. Furthermore, practical adjustments and corrections usually added by the composer in the course of a scenic production or after the work’s premiere, are missing, too. Thus Turandot has become a work, to which, in the course of time, many errors and inconsistencies have been added.

Carus now offers a modern edition of Turandot with a focus on aspects of practical performance: clearly organized performance material with a musical text free from traditional errors and inconsistencies, with added performance instructions (where necessary), and with consistent articulation and dynamics. This new edition has been created by the Italian conductor and musicologist Andreas Gies.

The Burton Finale: Puccini’s rediscovered dramatic vision?

This edition features the finale as completed by American musicologist and Puccini expert Deborah Burton in 2022 – the first to be based on newly discovered material by the composer. Burton gained access to previously unknown autograph sketches from a private collection, which were unavailable for Franco Alfano’s edition or later efforts. She was also able to draw on additional sketch material from the Puccini Archive in Torre del Lago.

Burton developed a systematic approach: she transcribed the sketches herself, compared them with existing transcriptions as well as with contemporary soures and reports. Her objective was to incorporate as much of Puccini’s autograph material as possible. Filling gaps in the sketches, she sought inspiration from comparable dramatic moments in Puccini’s earlier masterpieces as well as from the distinctive sonic palette of Turandot. Orchestrated by Jeff Atmajian, her version of the finale brings us much closer to the composer’s original vision.

The corresponding performance materials are available on hire.

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Full score, for hire, foreword in German, English and Italian Carus 56.204/00 25,2 x 35,0 cm, paperback Provisionally available from 11/2026
Vocal score, for hire Carus 56.204/03 DIN A4 Provisionally available from 11/2026
Set of parts, complete orchestral parts, for hire, also available in digital form Carus 56.204/19 25,2 x 35,0 cm Provisionally available from 11/2026
Full score digital (download), pdf file, for hire Carus 56.204/00-010-000 25,2 x 35,0 cm Provisionally available from 11/2026
Vocal score digital (download), pdf file, for hire Carus 56.204/03-010-000 25,2 x 35,0 cm Provisionally available from 11/2026
The unknown Prince Calaf arrives in Beijing, where he is reunited with his long-lost father Timur, accompanied by the slave girl Liù. The imperial city is ruled by the ruthless Princess Turandot. She is courted by princes eager to marry her. Turandot’s condition for giving her consent: the suitor must solve three riddles. Those who fail are executed. Despite all warnings, Calaf falls in love with Turandot and accepts the challenge. He solves all three riddles, much to the princess’s dismay, yet she still refuses to marry him. Calaf then offers her a riddle of his own: if she can discover his name by dawn, she may kill him. Turandot commands the entire population to search for the stranger’s name on threat of death. In the process, Timur and Liù are captured. To protect Calaf, Liù claims to be the only one who knows his name. Under torture, she remains steadfastly silent. She confesses her secret love for Calaf before taking her own life. Calaf now kisses the reluctant Turandot and voluntarily reveals his name to her, placing himself entirely at her mercy. As dawn breaks, Turandot proclaims before the assembled people that the stranger’s name is ‘Love’ and accepts Calaf as her partner.
  • Giacomo Puccini came from a dynasty of church musicians who worked in the Tuscan city of Lucca. His Messa a 4 con orchestra, premiered there in 1880, seemed to point him toward a career in the same direction, but directly after this, he went to Milan Conservatoire with the aim of becoming an opera composer. His only independent orchestral works were written there as student works – the Preludio sinfonico (1882) and Capriccio sinfonico (1883), as well as some of his 16 complete surviving songs for voice and piano (Canti), which he composed, with frequent references to his operas, almost throughout his career. He achieved a breakthrough as an opera composer with Manon Lescaut (1893); between 1893 and 1904 he composed La Bohème, Tosca and Madama Butterfly, which remain his most frequently-performed works today. In recent years there has been a growing realisation that Puccini's entire output requires reappraisal. And so, he has increasingly come to be understood as a musician searching for a way forward into the modern age. Personal details
  • Andreas Gies, born in Italy to Italian and German parents, studied flute, piano, composition, singing, and conducting at conservatories in Castelfranco V., Venice, and Milan. He holds a bachelor’s and two master’s degrees and attended masterclasses with renowned conductors like M. Beltrami and D. Gatti. Gies has been assistant conductor at theaters such as La Fenice di Venezia and Regio di Torino. In 2019, he won the “Premio Nazionale delle Arti” and conducted the “La Verdi” orchestra of Milan. His conducting debut was in 2016 at the Mainfranken Theater Würzburg. He has conducted premieres and performances in Milan, Nice, Novara, and Sofia.

    As a composer, Gies has won several competitions and his works have been performed by major orchestras in the USA and Italy. He also produces critical editions of lesser-known Italian operas, collaborating with musicologist C. Orselli. His compositions include pieces for chamber groups, orchestras, and chamber operas.

    Personal details

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Frequent questions about this work

Which percussion instruments fall under the term “percussion”?

The following percussion instruments are specified in “Turandot”: triangle, drum, bass drum, cymbals, tam-tam, Chinese gongs, glockenspiel, xylophone and bass xylophone, tubular chimes. For the stage music, a wood drum (tamburo di legno) and a gong grave (alternatively tam-tam) are also required. All percussion instruments in “Turandot” are provided in a performance score. For reference, this score also includes the timpani part. Seven percussionists are required in addition to the timpanist. The percussion part is included in the set in the appropriate number of copies. Deborah Burton’s finale calls for the following percussion instruments in addition to the timpani: triangle and small triangle, bass drum, cymbals (including suspended cymbals), finger cymbals (cimbalini), tambourine, tam-tam and small tam-tam, Chinese gongs, glockenspiel, xylophone, and tubular chimes.
When it comes to the finale, there are two options for a conclusion: first, the second version of the ending, the one commonly used today, composed by Franco Alfano in 1926 after Puccini’s death. Alternatively, there is a reconstructed finale by the American musicologist and Puccini scholar Deborah Burton from 2022. The conducting score Carus 56.205/00 contains both finales and is ideal for comparison. Once a decision has been made regarding which finale to use, the rental material will be delivered with the corresponding finale: “Turandot” with the Alfano II finale (Carus 56.203) or “Turandot” with the Burton finale (Carus 56.204). It is also possible to purchase the conducting score (Carus 56.250/00) and the piano reduction (Carus 56.250/03) for Deborah Burton’s finale only. The performance material is available for hire with the desired finale.
Alfano’s second version lasts about 10–12 minutes, while Burton’s reconstruction lasts about 17–20 minutes. Burton follows Puccini’s sketches more closely and, in particular, develops Turandot’s transformation in greater detail.
Both finales fall within the scope of Puccini’s orchestration for “Turandot.” In Burton’s finale, a few new instruments are added: a third clarinet in B-flat is required, to be played by the bass clarinet, and the stage music also requires a piano for a brief section. See also the notes on percussion in the FAQs.
Both finales begin after Liù’s death. The starting point is the same: Act III, rehearsal figure 35.
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